Baraneh Masoumi - Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Gohar Eslami - Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei - Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Pritish Mondal - Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai - Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Context: The use of ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in children due to safety concerns. Animal studies have revealed that ciprofloxacin can be associated with arthropathy (joint toxicity) in juvenile animals; however, this potential side effect has not been proven in children. Many clinicians still prescribe ciprofloxacin when there is no suitable alternative. In many developing countries, access to the newer generation of antibiotics is either limited or expensive. Therefore, ciprofloxacin is an available and cost-effective alternative that can save lives when necessary. Objective: This study aimed to systemically review the published studies about the safety profile of using ciprofloxacin in children. Data Sources: All relevant studies published from ۱۹۹۰ to ۲۰۱۸ in the Cochrane library, Trip database, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar were collected. Study Selection: We have only considered clinical trials, which included the following keywords: “ciprofloxacin”, “children under ۱۸ years”, and “arthropathy”.  Data Extraction: The collected data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA.۲). We used random or fixed-effect methods based on the heterogeneity of the results. The heterogeneity was checked by I۲ index and tau-squared. The publication bias was evaluated by the Begg’s test. Results: The obtained data indicated no increased risk of arthropathy after ciprofloxacin use in children on a short-term basis, in comparison to placebo or other antibiotics. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin is potentially a safe alternative to be used in children under ۱۸ years old when there is no better alternative.

Pediatrics, Ciprofloxacin, Safety profile, Arthropathy, Fluoroquinolones