Mahmoud Shaabani - Department of Horticulture Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Majid Azizi - Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Ali Ashraf Jafari - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
Seyed Hadi Mousavi - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

The Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss.is a wild-growing flowering plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and has been used as a medicinal herb for rheumatoid diseases, headaches, congestion, stomach disorders, liver treatment. In order to study the effects of dryland farming system on some agronomical and physiological traits of D. kotschyi, two separate experiments were conducted in three locations of, Mashad (Golmakan station), Quchan (۵km in the northeast of city) and Bojnord (Sisab station) under normal irrigation and dryland farming systems in ۲۰۱۸. The collected data were combined analysis over three locations and mean comparisons were made using Tukey method. The results showed significant effects of locations for all of the traits except carbohydrate contents. Effect of farming system was also significant for all traits. Farming system by location interaction effects were significant for aerial fresh and dry weigh, ۱۰۰۰ seeds weight, proline, DPPH, flavonoid, protein, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, nitrogen and potassium. Result showed the location of Quchan had significantly higher mean values for many of traits followed by Mashad. In comparisons between two method of cultivations, the lower and higher values of plant height (۲۰.۶ vs. ۲۵.۳ cm), main branch (۱۳.۱ vs. ۱۴.۹ per plant), leaf area (۳۸.۹ vs. ۴۸.۳ mm۲), flower number (۱۴.۶ vs. ۲۳.۱ per plant), fresh weight (۲۹۵ vs. ۸۸۸ g/plant), dry weight (۸۰ vs. ۲۴۴ g/plant), ۱۰۰۰ seeds weight (۰.۲۷ vs. ۰.۳۵ g), Protein (۹.۷۴ vs. ۱۱.۰۶%), chlorophyll a (۷.۴۷ vs. ۸.۱۹ mg g-۱FW), carotenoid (۰.۰۸ vs. ۰.۱۱ mg g-۱FW), nitrogen (۱.۴۳ vs. ۱.۷۷%) and phosphorus (۱۳.۸۹ vs. ۲۰.۷۹ ppm) were obtained in dryland and irrigation farming, respectively. In contrast, the higher and lower values of internode length (۴.۱۱ vs. ۳.۷۱ cm), proline (۱.۴۴ vs. ۰.۷۷ mg g-۱FW), DPPH (۰.۳۹ vs. ۰.۱۹ mg g-۱FW), phenol (۰.۸۳ vs. ۰.۶۷ mg g-۱FW), flavonoid (۰.۶۰ vs. ۰.۴۷ mg g-۱FW), carbohydrate (۸.۲ vs. ۶.۲ mg g-۱FW), and potassium (۴.۲ vs. ۳.۷%) were obtained in dryland farming system.

endangered species, essential oil, yield