Omid Toupchian - Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Sepideh Soltani - Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Elham Hosseini-Marnani - The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
Fatemeh Eslami - Student Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Salar Poorbarat - Student Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Cain C. T. Clark - Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV۱ ۵FB, U.K
Javad Heshmati - Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Rezvan Rajabzadeh - Medical School, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Shima Abdollahi - Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

Background: COVID-۱۹ pandemic has evidently influenced people's lifestyle, particularly their health. In this study, the authors examined the association between dietary intake and lifestyle changes, and COVID-۱۹ infection in adults living in Bojnurd, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted on ۴۴۲۵ adults from Bojnurd city, Iran, regarding changes in food consumption, physical activity, sleep duration, and the history of COVID-۱۹ infection; data were collected online using a researcher-designed questionnaire. The associations between lifestyle changes and COVID-۱۹ infection were assessed by multivariate- adjusted logistic regression models. Results: There were significant associations between lower odds of COVID-۱۹, increased legumes consumption (OR: ۰.۷۶; ۹۵% CI: ۰.۶۱, ۰.۹۶), and increased physical activity (OR: ۰.۷۴; ۹۵% CI: ۰.۵۷, ۰.۹۵) during the pandemic; this was while increased intakes of refined grain (OR: ۱.۳۲; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۰۶, ۱.۶۳), butter oil (OR: ۱.۳۴; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۰۳, ۱.۷۳), processed meat (OR: ۱.۳۶; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۰۱, ۱.۸۲), fast foods (OR: ۱.۶۵; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۱۳, ۲.۴۰), honey (OR: ۱.۳۴; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۱۰, ۱.۶۴), and coffee (OR: ۱.۶۱; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۲۴, ۲.۰۹) were associated with higher odds of infection. Moreover, higher sleep duration (OR: ۱.۲۵; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۰۲, ۱.۵۲), increased intake of multivitamins/minerals (OR: ۱.۶۶; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۳۵, ۲.۰۵), vitamin D (OR: ۱.۲۲; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۰۱, ۱.۴۷), and vitamin C (OR: ۱.۵۲; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۲۶, ۱.۸۴) were significantly associated with higher odds of infection, compared to the cases with no change. Conclusion: Increased intake of refined grain and high-fat foods may be associated with lower odds of infection. However, the cross-sectional design of the present study precludes causal inferences. Corresponding Author:Shima Abdollahi View Orcid in Profile You can search for this author in PubMed     Google Scholar Profile

Diet, COVID-۱۹, Physical activity, Sleep habit, Cross-sectional studies