Arezoo Afkhami-Ardekani - Medical Student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Zahra Momayez-Sanat - Associate Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Zahra Vahhabi - Associate Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Tania Vazirpanah - Medical Student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani - Professor of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolicdisorders.  It is assumed that restless leg syndrome (RLS) occur more in diabetics. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between DM and restless leg syndrome. Materials and Methods: Our study conducted as a Case- control study, containing ۱۸۰ patients as the cases and ۲۰۱ as the controls from June ۲۰۱۶ to March ۲۰۱۷, at Ziyaiyan hospital, Tehran. All participants aged above ۱۸ years. Data was collected by filling the pre-prepared checklists, complementary laboratory tests and precise physical examination by a single medical doctor. Results: The study was carried out with ۳۱۸ participants, ۱۶۳ (۴۲.۸%) were male and ۲۱۸ (۵۷.۲%) female, total mean age was ۵۲.۲ ۱۶.۳ years, BMI in case group and control group was ۲۸.۶ ۴.۹and۲۸.۶ ۴.۱ respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders, mean age and BMI in two groups (P-value= ۰.۱۴, ۰.۱۴ and ۰.۵۶). RLS had a higher prevalence in Diabetic mans (P=value ۰.۰۴) with no significant difference in non-diabetics (P-value=۰.۲۱). RLS was more common in Diabetics (p-value=۰.۰۰۱) and they have ۱.۷۹ –fold higher risk of RLS (P-value<۰.۰۵۲). Conclusion: According to our findings, diabetic patients have increased risk of RLS. Diabetes can be considered as one of its risk factors; besides, the signs resemble diabetic neuropathy; therefore, we recommend accurate screening tests and immediate diagnosis and treatment perform in all diabetic patients.

Diabetes mellitus, Restless leg syndrome