Abbas Fazel Anvari-Yazdi - Research & Development in Materials Engineering, Yazd Science &Technology Park, Yazd, Iran
Mahdi Kalantar - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Materials Science Engineering, Yazd University
Tahereh Talaei-Khozani - Associated Professor, Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department ofTissue Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran
Arash Yazdani - Ph.D. Student, Department of Materials Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

This study aims at the evaluation of new approaches to culture umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) on 2-dimensional carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) scaffolds extracted from bio-waste of bovine bones femur. To extract CHAp bioceramics, three different treatments have been applied to achieve pure natural CHAp: Calcination heat treatment (at temperature of 700 ℃), alkaline hydrothermal (275 ℃) and pressurized low polarity water (PLPW) (250 ℃). Raw bovine bone and obtained apatites have been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The FT-IR spectrums indicated that all of the utilized processes have the ability of plucking collagen and other organic compounds out of bovine bones, and finally leaving pure natural CHAp withyield of ~60%. In these processes, obtained apatites leave carbonate contents in specific temperatures,which leads to increased biological effects in derived CHAp and preferable for orthopedic and medicalusages. Fluorescent Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate UCMSCs growth behavior, Viability, and adhesion of Cells on the surface of 2-D Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds derived by these three different methods. The findings suggest that UC-MSCs could survive and attach onto these scaffolds and demonstrate no negative response to carbonated hydroxyapatite

Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Carbonated Hydroxyapatites, Bovine bone, Flowcytometery,Physiochemical characterization