Hanieyeh Ghanbari - Master of Executive Management, Strategic Orientation, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic AzadUniversity, Sanandaj Branch, Kurdistan Province, Iran,

Management can be described as the people who design an organization's structure and determine how different aspects of the organization will interact. When designing an organization, managers must consider characteristics such as simplicity, flexibility, reliability, economy, and acceptability. Different levels of management will participate in different components of this design process, with upper management creating the initial organizational architecture and structure. This study investigated cultural aspects of conflict management in organizations in response to the growing need for an understanding of how people from diverse cultural backgrounds can work together without the often-resulting problem of intercultural conflict. Culture was evaluated through self-assessments of how independent or interdependent the subjects were, and conflict behavior through eight conflict management styles: dominating, integrating, compromising, avoiding, obliging, emotion, neglect and third-party help. Furthermore, drawing upon face-negotiation theory , a test was made of whether self-face, other-face and mutual-face concerns could explain cultural differences in conflict behavior. A total of ۱۸۵ professionals from different countries completed an Internet questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis of the eight styles revealed three factors which seem to describe direct, indirect and integrating plus compromising conflict behaviors. In line with this study’s hypotheses, persons with a tendency to act independently mentioned direct styles, as well as integrating, and persons with a tendency to act interdependently mentioned indirect styles in addition to integrating and compromising. Furthermore, a concern for self-face maintenance was related to direct conflict behavior, a concern for other-face maintenance to indirect conflict behavior, and a concern for mutual-face maintenance to integrating and compromising. However, persons with a tendency to act independently do not seem to be particularly concerned about self-face maintenance. Persons with a tendency to act interdependently, on the other hand, show other- and mutual-face concerns in conflict situations. It was concluded that face concerns do play a crucial role, but mainly in explaining the conflict behavior of persons with a tendency to act interdependently.

Organizational culture, organizational conflict, conflict management, organization.