Alireza Rezaei - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
Navidreza Shayan - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
Saman Shirazinia - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
Sara Mollazadeh - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
Negin Ghiyasi-Moghaddam - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The p۱۶ protein is a cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor implicated in several types of cancers. However, its relationship to breast cancer is still unknown. The present study aimed to assess the association of p۱۶ protein expression with clinicopathological features in breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of different gum extracts on metabolic changes and their impact on gene expression in HT-۲۹ cell. Methods: The study enrolled ۱۰۰ patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. The samples were collected before any adjuvant chemotherapy, and p۱۶ protein expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological features were obtained from the patient’s medical records. Results: Our findings demonstrated that p۱۶ protein expression increased in estrogen receptor-positive tumor tissues (P< ۰.۰۱). However, no significant correlation was found between the p۱۶ protein expression and the other clinicopathological features. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that p۱۶ protein expression increased in ER-positive tumor tissue from patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. However, no correlation was found between the p۱۶ protein expression and the other clinicopathological features.

Breast cancer, Immunohistochemistry, Prognostic factor, P۱۶.