Rahele Javaheri - PhD student of comparative Histology, School of veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Ahmad Reza Raji - Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Amir Moghaddam Jafari - Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Hossein Nourani - Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad , Iran.

The TiO۲ NPs are widely used in many commercial products, nanomedicine, agriculture, personal care products, different industries, and pharmaceutical preparations with potential risks to human health and the environment. The present study investigated the effects of different doses of TiO۲ NPs on the liver, small intestine, and kidney tissues in the rat. The TiO۲ NPs were administrated daily through gavage at the doses of ۱۰, ۲۰, and ۵۰ mg/kg BW for ۲ months. A total of ۳۲ male rats were divided into four groups. After ۶۰ days, rats were euthanized with CO۲ gas (Code of Ethics: IR UM.REC.۱۴۰۰.۳۲۷). Histopathological examination of the kidney, small intestine, and hepatic tissues treated with  TiO۲ NPs showed toxic changes compared to the control group. Histopathological examination revealed hemorrhage in the liver, swelling in the kidney glomerulus, as well as inflammation and damage to the mitochondria in enterocytes. Further evaluations are needed to understand the impact of different doses of NPs on human health.

Small intestine, kidney, liver, Rat, TiO۲ nano particles