Mohammad Salehi Avval - Bachelor student of Chemistry Education, Farhangian University, AllamehAmini Campus, Tabriz, Iran
Amirmohammad Bahrami Maddah

The studies conducted on the nature and environment of learning show that the researches conducted in this field are mostly focused on external factors affecting learning such as teaching methods, strategies, teachers' qualifications, textbooks, educational contents and classroom environment. One of the reasons for creating misunderstandings in students is the existence of similar misunderstandings in teachers, so it is necessary to identify and correct the misunderstandings of students and teachers. Heat and energy are two main concepts in thermodynamics. This review article showed that the use of incorrect words and textbooks are factors that cause misunderstanding. The general expression of the entropy function macroscopically without addressing the molecular structure and molecular theories also causes misunderstandings and a wrong understanding of it. It is not possible for a student to learn a subject only through its general expression, but the learning of any subject depends on the initial beliefs and thoughts recorded in the mind, and if it is stated incorrectly, it will definitely be much more difficult to learn that subject in the future.

Thermodynamics, Misconception, Physical Chemistry, Education.