Parastoo Askian - PhD, Hesameddin Masoumian Sharghi M.A

۱۲-Step Programs refers to any self-help program that employs the original Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), utilizes the practices of group meetings and sharing of personal stories. These programs are highly available and they are free and accessible in many countries all over the world, therefore serving as prominent and accessible sources in substance abuse recovery. Al-Anon and Nar-Anon are the ۱۲-step programs for families of alcoholics and drug addicts. Despite the effectiveness and universality of such programs for family members of persons with substance use disorder, limited number of research has been conducted to explore different aspects of these۱۲-step programs such as their history. The aim of this study is reviewing the literature on foundations and sources of influence on formation of Al-Anon and Nar-Anon ۱۲-step self-help programs to explore the history of these programs. This study would expand the body of knowledge in the field of history of ۱۲-step self- help groups, especially Al-Anon and Nar-Anon; and help the Addiction counselors, psychologists and other helping professionals to get a better understanding about the history and contributing elements of formation of ۱۲-step self-help programs

History of ۱۲ step self-help programs, Al-Anon, Nar-Anon, Recovery, Spirituality, Substance use disorder, families of persons with substance use disorder.