Azam Rasti - Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Masoud Khalili - Department of Urology, Velayat Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Ali Mohammad Fakhr Yasseri - Shariati Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Neda Nasirian - Department of Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Reza Shirkoohi - Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran & BESTforPM (Biomarker Evaluation and Supervision Team for Personalized Medicine), Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran Univers
Mohammad Reza Nowroozi - Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Hossein Modarressi - Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Many researchers have tried to identify bladder cancer biomarkers to reduce the need for cystoscopy. The aim of this study was to identify and measure appropriate transcripts in patient urine to develop a non-invasive screening test. Methods: From February ۲۰۲۰ to May ۲۰۲۲, ۴۹ samples were obtained from Velayat Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Twenty-two samples were obtained from bladder cancer patients and ۲۷ from bladder cancer-free subjects. RNA was extracted from participant samples, quantitative RT-PCR was performed, and TNP plots were used to assess IGF۲ (NCBI Gene ID: ۳۴۸۱), KRT۱۴ (NCBI Gene ID: ۳۸۶۱) and KRT۲۰ (NCBI Gene ID: ۵۴۴۷۴) expression. For UCSC Xena analysis, Dataset ID: TCGA-BLCA was used to compare transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and normal samples for survival rates. Results: IGF and KRT۱۴ were more greatly expressed in patient urine samples than in those of the normal group. However, KRT۲۰ expression did not significantly differ between the two groups. IGF۲ had ۴۵.۴۵ and ۸۸.۸۹% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for detecting TCC in urine samples while KRT۱۴ had ۵۹ and ۸۸.۸۹% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Also, these results infer that overexpression of IGF would be prognosticators of poor TCC outcomes. Conclusions: Our study showed that IGF۲ and KRT۱۴ are overexpressed in bladder cancer patient urine, and IGF۲ could be a potential biomarker for poor prognoses in TCC.

Biomarkers, Diagnosis, Genes, Liquid biopsy, Urinary bladder neoplasms.