Investigating the relationship between nanoplastics and human health

Introduction and objective: Over the years, the environment of living organisms has been polluted with millions of tons of plastic. The size of microplastics and nanoplastics varies from ۱۰۰ nanometers to ۵ mm and ۱-۱۰۰ nanometers, respectively. The most common plastics are polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide and polyethylene. It is estimated that ۴.۸۵ trillion microplastics are released into the oceans. Nanoplastics can remain in marine and terrestrial environments for hundreds of years. Humans are comprehensively exposed to microplastics and nanoplastics through inhalation, skin and ingestion. Nanoplastics are more harmful than microplastics because they can penetrate through biological membranes, causing adverse effects on human health and other organisms.Method: In this review study, the keywords nanoplastics, human health and cancers were searched and studied in articles from ۲۰۲۰ to ۲۰۲۲published by Pubmed, Google scholar and Scopus, finally ۱۰ articles were analyzed.Results: Studies have shown that The presence of nanoplastics in many foods and drinks shows their log in the food chain and people exposed to the inhalation of cellulose fibers and nanoplastics, are more susceptible to colon and lung cancer. Inhalation is the strongest way nanoplastics to enter the body of, which are deposited deep in the alveolar region. Nanoplastics can be deposited in the brain through inhalation through the nose, causing neurotoxicity and altering behavior. Polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride have adverse effects on cell viability and inflammatory gene expression in the laboratory. The effects of inhaled nanoplastics outside the lungs on cardiovascular and brain diseases are evident.Conclusion: According to research, nanoplastics have an adverse effect on human health and are involved in causing inflammatory reactions, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Also, plastics that are not buried in a standard and principled manner cause nanoplastics to disperse in the air and enter the lungs through inhalation and cause irreparable problems. Considering the study of nanoplastics in the marine environment and paying less attention to the study of the effect of these materials on humans, it is suggested that more research be done to investigate the effect of nanoplastics in causing various cancers.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanoplastics ، Human Health ، Cancers