The Prevalence and ۵-Year Incidence Rate of Cigarette Smoking and Water-Pipe Tobacco Smoking and Their Associated Factors among ۱۵ to ۸۰ YearsOld Urban Population in Southeast Iran: Results from KERCADR Study

Background: Cigarette and tobacco smoking are closely associated with chronic cardiovasculardisease and lung cancer. We aimed to assess the prevalence and ۵-year incidence rate (IR) of thesetwo risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kerman, southeastern of Iran.Methods: ۱۰ ۰۱۵ individuals aged ۱۵-۸۰ were recruited to the study between ۲۰۱۴ and ۲۰۱۸(Kerman coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors study, KERCADRS) of which ۲۸۲۰ had alsoparticipated in the first phase (۵ years earlier). We took fasting blood samples and collecteddemographic information and data on cigarette and water-pipe tobacco smoking (WPTS) throughinterviews.Results: The overall prevalence of cigarette smoking increased from ۸.۱% in phase۱ to ۸.۸% inphase ۲. During the same period, the prevalence of WPTS increased from ۱۰% to ۱۴%, especiallyin the age groups of ۱۵-۴۵ years. The prevalence of opium dependance was higher among cigarettesmokers compared to WPT users. The overall ۵-year IR of cigarette and WPTS was ۳.۶ and ۴.۶۵per ۱۰۰۰ person-years respectively. The highest IRs of cigarette smoking and WPTS were reportedin the age group of ۱۵-۳۹ years, and IR of WPTS was higher among women. Obesity, diabetes,and hypertension associated with a reduced IRs of cigarette and WPTS.Conclusion: Over the past five years, the prevalence of cigarette smoking has increased slightly,but WPTS has increased more rapidly, especially among women. The highest prevalence ofcigarette and WPT smoking was in the age groups of ۱۵-۳۹ years. Smoking is shifting fromcigarette smoking to WPTS. Age- and gender-oriented interventions would help correct theunhealthy life style in the community and prevent further smoking-related morbidities andmortalities.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cigarette Smoking ، Tobacco Smoking ، Prevalence ، Incidence