Sakineh Mazloom - Instructor, Department of Nursing, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.

At the advent of the ۲۱st century, infectious diseases became relatively less of a concern,while chronic diseases continue to plague the global populace.Due to the rising age of the population, the incidence of heart failure is further increasing.As opposed to their acute disease counterparts, most chronic diseases are largely related tolifestyle factors, and can be minimized or prevented, for the most part, by lifestyle changes.Among the most common chronic diseases that afflict humans worldwide are diabetes,cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), osteoporosis, arthritis, and some cancers. CVDs not onlycontribute largely to morbidity and mortality but also put a heavy economic burden on thehealth care system at both a global and a national scale.

CVD, cardiovascular, eldery