Therapeutic Applications of Cell Culture-DerivedExtracellular Vesicles: Different Sources, Different Subpopulations

Cell culture-derived conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuablesource for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) specificallyfor therapeutic applications with or without drug loading.We have used different sources of cells including mesenchymals tromal cells (MSCs), fibroblas t, and parasite cells to isolateEVs. Following characterization, these EVs have been extensivelyused to s tudy their therapeutic potential in various diseases.Moreover, the proteome profile and in vitro tes t of differentsubpopulations of MSC-EVs confirmed that these EVsare molecularly and functionally dis tinct. The pharmaceuticalpotency of these EVs has been inves tigated as a drug deliveryvehicle and compared with EVs isolated from milk and redblood cells. Finally, we found that based on the source, the therapeuticpotential and pharmaceutical properties of isolated EVsmight be different and should be considered rigorously beforeapplication.