M Goudarzi - Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology,Department of Molecular Cell Biology-Genetics, University ofScience and Culture, Tehran, Iran . Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Roy
F Maleki - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran . Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Scienceand Culture, Tehran, Iran
S Aghajanpour - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
F Ghaffari - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
M Hafezi - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
M Ganjibakhsh - Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology DevelopmentCenter, Royan Ins titute for S tem Cell Biology and Technology, AcademicCenter for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran,Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology DevelopmentCenter, Tehr

Background: Although a physiological level of inflammationis required for successful implantation, pathological inflammationsuppresses the normal function of genes and moleculespreparing endometrium to be receptive. Hydrosalpinx is an inflammatorycondition that reduces the pregnancy and implantationrates due to several mechanisms including leakage of thehydrosalpinx fluid to the uterus, mechanical barrier, or chemicalfactors. TLRs are expressed in both immune cells and non-immunecells at the maternal-fetal interface. While the relevanceof TLRs in pathogen defense has been acknowledged, the roleof these receptors and their signaling pathway in hydrosalpinxare unknown.Materials and Methods: Ten infertile patients with uni or bilateralhydrosalpinx who refer to the Royan infertility clinic forsalpingectomy were selected. Endometrial biopsy during thewindow of implantation (days ۲۱-۲۴ of the mens trual cycle)was prepared prior to surgery. TLR۳, TLR ۹, IL۶, MYD۸۸ andIRF۳ mRNA genes expression of were evaluated by Real-timePCR.Results: The mRNA expression levels of TLR ۳ and ۹ weresignificantly decreased in patients with hydrosalpinx comparedwith control women. IL۶ was significantly increased; however,IRF۳ and MYD۸۸ were significantly decreased in endometrialsamples from patients with hydrosalpinx compared with controlwomen (p<۰.۰۵).Conclusion: The altered expression pattern of TLR ۳ and TLR۹ in hydrosalpinx condition leads to inaccurate immunologicalresponses and consequence dis turbing in physiological endometrialinflammation. The results show the importance of immuneresponses to active hydrosalpinx infection but also a putativecontribution to immunopathology in the receptivity s tatusof the endometrium.

Hydrosalpinx, Implantation, Toll-Like Receptors