F Maleki - Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Scienceand Culture, Tehran, Iran . Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
M Goudarzi - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran . Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology,Department of Molecular Cell Bi
S Aghajanpour - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
F Ghaffari - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
P Mostafaei - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, ReproductiveBiomedicine Research Center, Royan Ins titute for ReproductiveBiomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
M Ganji Bakhsh - Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology DevelopmentCenter, Royan Ins titute for S tem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR,Tehran, Iran

Background: Infertility is defined as the failure to es tablish aclinical pregnancy after ۱-year regular unprotected sexual intercourse.Tubal disease of the fallopian tubes is one of the majorcauses of female infertility and hydrosalpinx is the mos t severemanifes tation of tubal disease. Hydrosalpinx patients have lowerimplantation and pregnancy rates in Assis ted ReproductiveTechnology (ART), due to a combination of mechanical andchemical factors thought to disrupt the endometrial environment.The response between the immune sys tem and the reproductivesys tem is very important for healthy pregnancy. Tolllikereceptors (TLRs), as a member of innate immune sys tem,activates signaling pathways that elicit effective antimicrobialand inflammatory responses.Materials and Methods: Endometrial tissue includes case andcontrol groups. The case group included women with hydrosalpinx(n = ۱۰) and the control group included women with malefactors (n = ۱۰). In both groups, Q-PCR analysis was used toevaluate the relative expression of TLR ۲, ۴, NFKB and TRAPgenes.Results: The mRNA expression levels of TLR ۲ and ۴ weresignificantly decreased in patients with hydrosalpinx comparedwith control women (P≤۰.۰۵). TRAP gene involved inTLRs signaling pathways was significantly increased; however,NFKB was significantly decreased in endometrial samplesfrom patients with hydrosalpinx compared with control women(P≤۰.۰۵).Conclusion: As the role of the innate immune sys tem in implantationhas been identified, so alteration in the expression ofone of its components, including the Toll-like receptors or theirpathway genes, can disrupt the implantation process in thesepatients.

Hydrosalpinx, Toll-Like Receptors, Inflammatory