Varicocele and Autophagy: Cross talk between OxidativeS tress, Metabolic Disorders and Autophagy

According to several epidemiological reports, clinical varicocele(VCL) is observed in ۱۰% to ۲۰% of the general malepopulation with a higher prevalence of ۳۵%-۴۰% in men withprimary infertility and up to ۸۰% in men with secondary infertility.The VCL-related pathophysiology in tes ticular tissue,including decreased tes ticular endocrine s tatus, heat, oxidative,nitrosative, and endoplasmic reticulum-related s tresses and proinflammatorycytokines overexpression at tes ticular and semenlevels are shown previously. Increased oxidative s tress (OS)associated with metabolic failure has been found to accelerateautophagy-related signaling in male infertility problems. Therefore,assessing the cross-talk between metabolic interactions,۲۳rd Congress on Reproductive Biomedicine (۷-۹ September ۲۰۲۲, Tehran, Iran)oxidative s tress, and autophagy-related signaling has gainedhigh interes t in varicocele cases.The current review is trying to summarize the recent findingsreported to date in VCL rats.In order to get a better unders tanding of the subject, it is importantto know that diploid cells of germinal lineage, primarily spermatogonias tem cells, consume a large amount of ۶-carbon carbohydrates.Nonetheless, Haploid cells primarily utilize lactateproduced by Sertoli cells. When energy supply is low, germ cellsundergo a decrease in pentose phosphate pathway flux, whichthen reduces cellular GSH-dependent antioxidant power via disruptionof the NADP+/NADPH ratio. Therefore, the tes ticulartissue can activate autophagy in response to nutrient deprivation,metabolic impairment, and oxidative s tress.Considering that oxidative s tress is a major feature of reproductivepathophysiology in VCL conditions, metabolic disorders canplay a crucial role in fos tering OS conditions that lead to massiveautophagy. Accordingly, autophagy can induce intensive apoptosisin tes ticular tissue by virtue of its nature of the action.

کلیدواژه ها:

Autophagy ، Metabolic Disorders ، Oxidative S tress ، Spermatogenesis ، Varicocele