استفاده از گاز طبیعی مایع (LNG) به عنوان سوخت جایگزین کشتی ها و بررسی محدودیت ها و ملاحظات قانونی به همراه ارزیابی اقتصادی و زیست محیطی آن

محمدرضا سالارکیا; سعید گلابی

استفاده از گاز طبیعی مایع (LNG) به عنوان سوخت جایگزین کشتی ها و بررسی محدودیت ها و ملاحظات قانونی به همراه ارزیابی اقتصادی و زیست محیطی آن

محل انتشار: فصلنامه مهندسی و مدیریت انرژی، دوره: 10، شماره: 4

سال انتشار: 1399

نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی

زبان: فارسی

مشاهده: 349

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لینک ثابت به این مقاله:

https://civilica.com/doc/1556095

شناسه ملی سند علمی:

JR_ENERGY-10-4_004

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 30 آبان 1401

چکیده مقاله:

انرژی، محیط زیست و اقتصاد، سه جزء اصلی از زنجیر به هم پیوسته ای هستند که همواره در ارتباط با یکدیگر، تحلیل و بررسی می شوند. ازاین رو، تعیین جایگزینی مناسب برای سوخت ها که الزامات تامین انرژی را برآورده کند و از طرفی بتواند قیمت را کاهش دهد و آلودگی کمتری ایجاد کند، نیازمند بررسی دقیق سوخت های موجود و تحلیل قوت ها، ضعف ها، فرصت ها و تهدیدهای آن را دارد. در این مقاله، مطالعه کاملی در خصوص جنبه های اقتصادی و زیست محیطی گاز طبیعی مایع به عنوان سوخت جایگزین برای کشتی ها با تمرکز بر کدها، استانداردها، قواعد، محدودیت ها و راهکارهایی که برای ایجاد تعادل بین بازار و صنعت لازم است، ارائه شده است. مشخصات متفاوت سوخت گاز طبیعی مایع با سوخت های دیگر مقایسه و نشان داده شده که این سوخت به مراتب آلودگی کمتری تولید می کند و مزایای بسیار بیشتری در سطح منطقه ای و جهانی دارد.

کلیدواژه ها:

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ، Marine Fuel ، Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) ، Marine Gas Oil (MGO) ، Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) ، International Maritime Organization (IMO). ، گاز طبیعی مایع ، سوخت کشتی ، سوخت سنگین ، سوخت گاز کشتی ، سوخت گازوئیل کشتی ، سازمان جهانی دریانوردی.

نویسندگان

محمدرضا سالارکیا

Facultyof Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R.Iran

سعید گلابی

Facultyof Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R.Iran

مراجع و منابع این مقاله:

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"Liquefied Natural Gas: Understanding the Basic Facts", U.S. Department of ...
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Sames, P.C., Clausen, N.B. and Anderson, M.L., "Costs and Benefits ...
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Dag, A.S., "LNG- A Cost Effective Fuel Option? Drivers, Status ...
Snud, K. and Whitefield, A., "Gas prices today and going ...
Van Den Broek, M., Berghout, N. and Rubin, E.S., "The ...
Chandra, V., "Fundamentals of Natural Gas: An International Perspective", Tulsa, ...
Vyas, N., "A Techno-economic Study of Liquefied Natural Gas Transportation: ...
Imran, M., Yasmeen, T., Ijaz, M., Farooq, M. and Wakeel, ...
Sharafian, O., Talebian, H., Blomerus, P., Herrer, O. and Mérida, ...
BP statistical review of world Energy. ۶۷th edition. 〈https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy/oil/oil-prices.html 〉, ...
American Petroleum Institute (API) Version ۱.۰, "Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ...
International Gas Union, "LNG as Fuel", In: Proceedings of the ...
Baumgart, M. and Halvard, B.O., "LNG-fueled Vessels in the Norwegian ...
Germanischer Lloyd (GL), "Costs and Benefits of LNG as Ship ...
Delgado, O. and Muncrief, R., "Assessment of Heavy-duty Natural Gas ...
Vermeulen, R., Verbeek, R., Goethem, S.V. and Smokers, R., "Emissions ...
Iden, M.E., "Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a Freight Railroad ...
Dunn, M.E. and LeBlanc, V.N., "Two Engine System with a ...
Fevre, C.N.L., "A Review of Demand Prospects for LNG as ...
Wang, S. and Notteboom. T., "The Adoption of Liquefied Natural ...
DNV-GL. "LNG as Ship Fuel: The Future -Today", 〈https://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/lng/ships.html〉, ۲۰۱۸ ...
Jafarzadeh, S., Paltrinieri, N., Utne, I.B. and Ellingsen, H., "LNG-fuelled ...
Yoon, B., Shin, J. and Lee, S., "Technology Assessment Model ...
Roy, B. and Comer, B., "Alternatives to Heavy Fuel Oil ...
Schinas, O. and Butler, M., "Feasibility and Commercial Considerations of ...
Thomson, H., Corbett, J.J. and Winebrake, J.J., "Natural Gas as ...
Zahid, U., An, J., Lee, U. and Han, C., "Techno-Economic ...
Eyring, V., Isaksen, I.S.A., Berntsen, T., Collins, W.J., Corbett, J.J., ...
Yoo, B.Y., "Economic Assessment of Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) as ...
Nardon, L., Techno-economic assessment of CO۲ transport by ship. A ...
Skagestad, R., Eldrup, N., Hansen, H.R., Stefan, B., Mathisen, A., ...
Schinas, O. and Stefanakos, C., "The cost of SOx limits ...
Fridell, E., Steen, E. and Peterson, K., "Primary Particles in ...
Winnes, H. and Fridell, E., "Particle Emissions from Ships: Dependence ...
Brynolf, S., Fridell, E. and Andersson, K., "Environmental Assessment of ...
Bengtsson, S., Andersson, K., Ellis, J., Haraldsson, L., Ramne, B. ...
Bengtsson., S, Andersson, K. and Fridell, E., "A Comparative Life ...
DNV-GL. "News: China Introduces Sulphur Requirements for Marine Fuels" (REV), ...
Semolinos, P., Olsen, G. and Giacosa, A., "LNG as Marine ...
Hsiang, S., Kopp, R., Jina, A., Rising, J., Delgado, M., ...
Pittock, A.B., "Climate change: turning up the heat", Routledge, ۲۰۱۷ ...
Global greenhouse gas emissions data. US Environ. Prot. Agency ...
〈https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data〉, ۲۰۱۶ ...
MARPOL. International Convention for the Prevention of pollution from Ships ...
〈http://www.mar.ist.utl.pt/mventura/Projecto-Navios-I/IMO Conventions%۲۰%۲۸copies%۲۹/MARPOL.pdf〉, Version ۹.۴, ۲۰۰۵ ...
Kalli, J., Karvonen, T. and Makkonen, T., "Sulphur Content in ...
Winerbrake, J.J., Corbett, J.J. and Yuska, D., "Methane Emissions from ...
International Maritime Organization (IMO), "Gas and Low-flashpoint Fuels Code Adopted ...
International Maritime Organization (IMO), "Resolution A.۹۶۳ (۲۳), IMO Policies and ...
International Maritime Organization (IMO), MPEC/Circ.۴۷۱, "Interim Guidelines for Voluntary Ship ...
International Maritime Organization (IMO), MEPC ۶۵/INF.۱۰, "Air Pollution and Energy ...
Danish Maritime Authority, "North European LNG Infrastructure Project Full Report, ...
Adamchak, F., Amokeye, A., "LNG as Marine Fuel", LNG ۱۷ ...
European Commission. "Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area- Towards ...
Burel, F., Taccani, R. and Zuliani, N., "Improving Sustainability of ...
Raptis, S., "Natural Gas in Ship, Costs/benefits of LNG Versus ...
Chiba, M.M., "LNG Transfer Systems for Bunker Ships", Gastech exhibition ...
ISO/TC ۶۷, ISO/DTS ۱۸۶۸۳, "Guidelines for Systems and Installations for ...
Zetterdahl, M., "Particle Emissions from Ships, Measurements on Exhausts from ...
〈http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/۲۳۵۴۰۷/۲۳۵۴۰۷.pdf〉, ۲۰۱۶ ...
ISO ۸۲۱۷, "Fuel Standard for marine distillate fuels", ۲۰۱۷ ...
Algell, J., Bakosch, A. and Forsman, B., "Feasibility study on ...
Vermeire, M.B., "Everything you need to know about marine fuels", ...
〈https://www.chevronmarineproducts.com/content/dam/chevron-marine/Brochures/Chevron_EverythingYouNeedToKnowAboutFuels_v۳_۱a_DESKTOP.pdf〉, pp. ۸-۹, ۲۰۱۲ ...
DNV, Norwegian Maritime Directorate and Environmental Information Portal for Maritime ...
Lowell, D., Bradley, M.J., Wang, H. and Lutsey, N., "Assessment ...
Ansell, D.V., Dicks, B., Guenette, C.C., Moller, T.H., Santner, R.S. ...
Herdzik, J., "LNG as a Marine fuel- Possibilities and Problems", ...
Corbett, J.J., "Marine Transportation and Energy Use", In: Cutler, J.C. ...
Ripple, R.D., "U.S. Natural Gas (LNG) Export: Opportunities and challenges", ...
IGU, "۲۰۱۶ World Energy Report", International Gas Union, ۲۰۱۶ ...
Maznic, S., "Fuel prices and impact on LNG prices", SUND ...
〈http://www.lnginbalticseaports.com/assets/files/do_pobrania/Baltic_Ports_LNG_Forum/Sund_Energy.pdf〉 pp. ۵, ۲۰۱۵ ...
"Liquefied Natural Gas: Understanding the Basic Facts", U.S. Department of ...
The International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers (GIIGNL). The ...
〈https://giignl.org/sites/default/files/PUBLIC_AREA/Publications/giignl_۲۰۱۷_report_۰.pdf〉, ۲۰۱۶ ...
Sames, P.C., Clausen, N.B. and Anderson, M.L., "Costs and Benefits ...
〈https://marine.mandieselturbo.com/docs/librariesprovider۶/technical-papers/costs-and-benefits-of-lng.pdf?sfvrsn=۱۸〉, ۲۰۱۱ ...
Dag, A.S., "LNG- A Cost Effective Fuel Option? Drivers, Status ...
Snud, K. and Whitefield, A., "Gas prices today and going ...

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