Nader D.Nader - Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
Kamran Shadvar - Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Nina Pilehvar - Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
Sarvin Sanaie - Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Afshin Iranpour - Al Zahra Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Hadi Hamishekar - Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Background: Dexmedetomidine has been approved for short-term analgesia and sedation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Longer duration of sedation with Dexmedetomidine is off-label, and its safety has not yet been tested. This study aims to examine the safety profile for long-term use of Dexmedetomidine and compare it to midazolam (MID) based sedation in the ICU.Materials and Methods: One hundred and one patients on mechanical ventilation were randomized to receive either Dexmedetomidine ۰.۲-۱.۰ μg/kg/h or MID ۲۰- ۴۰ μg/kg/h in a double-blinded fashion to reach the target of -۲ to ۱ on the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). Duration of mechanical ventilation was the primary endpoint; secondary endpoints included the occurrences of composite cardiac adverse event (CCAE), bradycardia, hypotension, significant dysrhythmias, heart failure myocardial infarction or death within ۲۸ days, ICU length of stay, need for additive analgesic, time spent at target sedation, and delirium.Results: The duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were almost two days shorter in the Dexmedetomidine group (P= ۰.۰۰۲ and ۰.۰۰۱, respectively), but regarding CCAE, sinus bradycardia occurred more frequently (P= ۰.۳۹۹), and mortality was similar in both groups (P=۰.۳۷۸).Conclusion: Our results confirmed the results of previous trials showing that long-term Dexmedetomidine was comparable to benzodiazepines for the frequency of major complications in critically ill patients. Physicians should weigh these benefits against the occurrence of significant bradycardia and hypotension.

Dexmedetomidine, Long-term Sedation, Critical Care, Mechanical ventilation