Tohid Adibi - School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran:
Hussein Hassanpour - School of Automotive Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Omid Adibi - Energy Management Group, Energy and Environment Research Center, Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran:

The reduction of drag force on a solid body is an important issue in the aerodynamics field. The experimental and numerical method have been used to calculate drag force on new design. In this paper, to study the variations of drag force due to wall freezing and validation of the numerical analysis results, NACA۰۰۱۵ airfoils were fabricated by poly amid, and experimental tests have been performed on solid and icy airfoils in different Reynolds numbers and different attack angles. The obtained drag forces have been compared between the solid and icy airfoil. Results demonstrate that the icy airfoil's drag force is less than solid airfoil in different attack angles. The results show good agreements between the numerical and experimental results. In this paper, a newly proposed three-dimensional characteristics-based method simulates and analyzes the flow over the explained airfoil. For this purpose, a code is written in FORTRAN software. In this method, convective fluxes are calculated by a second-order three-dimensional characteristics-based method, and viscous fluxes are calculated by a second-order averaging method. The fifth-order Runge-Kutta scheme does time marching

NACA۰۰۱۵, Drag reduction, Three-dimensional flow, Attack angle, Characteristic-Based