A Review of Small Ruminants Skull Anatomy Using CT Scan

Following the increase in the population and as a result of the increase in the need for food, the food producing industries have witnessed progress and increased production. One of the most essential natural needs of the body is proteins, which can be produced from meat, chicken, fish, etc. The need to provide meat and animal health promoted us to conduct the following research. The following study is the research results of ۷ articles in PubMed and Wiley magazines and is presented in ۴ sections: skull anatomy, paranasal sinuses, morphometry and volumetric results. Also, the studied species include Ile de France sheep [۱], Alborz wild sheep [۲], Egyptian sheep [۳], Saanen goat [۴], Markhoz goat [۵], Rayini goat [۶], Iraqi goat [۷], Shal and Afshari sheep.The anatomy of the skull in the studied species and breeds in terms of horns is as it was reported in the Alborz wild sheep, Saanen goat, Markhoz goat, Iraqi goat, Rayini goat and Egyptian sheep. Also, the general shape of the head was oval in all species, and among the species, the Shal sheep had the most elongated head.Frontal, maxillary and lacrimal sinuses were observed in all studied species. But the palatine sinus was not observed in Egyptian sheep, Saanen goat and Markhoz goat. Also, the sphenoid sinus was not reported in Ile de France sheep, Shal sheep, Saanen goat, Markhoz goat, Rayini goat and Iraqi goat .The length, width and height of the skull in Ile de France sheep were reported to be ۲۵.۳, ۱۱.۳ and ۹.۸ cm and Alborz wild sheep were reported to be ۲۵.۲۸, ۱۲.۳۴ and ۱۳.۳۰ cm, respectively. Also, the length and height of the mandible were ۲۰.۷ and ۱۲.۴ cm in Ile de France sheep and ۱۸.۵۵ and ۱۰.۵۸ cm in Alborz wild sheep, respectively .The volume of the head, nasal cavity, oral cavity, and orbital cavity was reported to be ۲۹۹۸, ۳۰۳, ۲۲۹.۳ and ۵۶.۳ cm۳ in Saanen goat’s sinuses, respectively, and ۱۹۵۸.۴, ۸۲۹.۶۴, ۴۷۵and ۸.۹ cm۳ in Saanen goat, respectively. Also, the volume of the frontal, maxillary and lacrimal sinuses in Saanen goat were ۲۸۱, ۱۶۹ and ۵۰.۲ cm۳. These values were ۲۱۹.۹۰, ۱۸۷.۵۹ and ۴.۳۷ cm۳ in Alborz sheep. Finally, the volume of the presented sinuses in Shall sheep was reported to be ۲۷۹.۳, ۸۰.۶ and ۱۴.۲ cm۳, respectively.

کلیدواژه ها:

sheep ، goat ، skull ، anatomy ، CT scan