Sara Kooti - Student Research Committee and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Keyghobad Ghadiri - Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Hamid Madanchi - Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
Mosayeb Rostamian - Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Background and Aim : Co-infection of COVID-۱۹ with other diseases increases the challengesrelated to its treatment management. Despite other microbes, COVID-۱۹ co-infection withparasites is rarely studied and most studies in this regard are case reports or case series. Here, weaimed to systematically review the cases of parasitic disease co-infection with COVID-۱۹.Methods : Using reputable databases, all relevant articles on COVID-۱۹ co-infected with parasites(protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites), were recovered and screened through definedinclusion/exclusion criteria.Results : Of ۱۸۷۸ initial records, ۲۴ studies remained for final data extraction. The majority ofstudies were about COVID-۱۹ co-infected with malaria, followed by strongyloidiasis, amoebiasis,chagas, filariasis, giardiasis, myiasis, and other various parasitic diseases. The most co-infectedcases were adult men who resident of or travel to parasite-endemic countries. No or lowmanifestation differences were reported between the co-infected cases and naïve COVID-۱۹ ornaïve parasitic disease.Conclusion : There was a relatively low number of reports on parasitic diseases-COVID-۱۹ coinfection,COVID-۱۹ and some parasitic diseases have overlapping symptoms and also COVID-۱۹ conditions and treatment regimens may cause some parasites re-emergence, relapse, or reactivation.Therefore, more attention should be paid to the true and on-time diagnosis of COVID-۱۹ and the co-infected parasites.

Co-infection, COVID-۱۹, Parasitic disease, Systematic review