Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonellaenteritidis From an Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria): aPotential Zoonotic Source

Background and Aim : Genus salmonella from the family enterobacteriacea has two species,enterica and bongori. Members of the genus are gram-negative, facultative aerobic-anaerobic, andmostly motile. To date, more than ۲۵۰۰ serotypes are recognized in species enterica lots of themcan overcome mucosal immunity and cause disease in a wide number of mammals, birds, andreptiles (۱, ۲, ۳). Different species of birds are susceptible to infection by Salmonella (۱). Inaddition to mortality in birds, the bacteria can transfer to humans (۴). This study aimed to detectprobable salmonella infection and evaluate antibiotic susceptibility patterns.Methods : In this case, an alexandrine parrot with severe respiratory signs was presented withgasping, tail bubbing, dyspnea for the last two days, and anorexia and vomiting history for threedays. Unfortunately, the bird died. At necropsy, hyperemia at the trachea and lungs and cloudy airsacs were obvious. Swabs from the trachea, lungs and air sacs, bone marrow, liver, and digestivetract were cultured on Blood agar. After ۱۸ hours of incubation at ۳۷°c, at lung and air sacs culture,lactose-negative bacteria with mucoid colonies were evident. Then the unknown bacteria wasrecultured on Mack-Conkey agar. After incubation, like the previous step, colonies were lactosenegative and colorless. By considering possible salmonellosis, the bacteria was transferred to TSIand Urea agar mediums.Results : The urea was positive, and TSI was basic at the surface and acidic at depth, with H۲Sproduction. From the results, it was clear that the bacteria were from the genus Salmonella. Atserological tests, antiserums for O and H antigens were mixed with bacterial colonies, andagglutination was evaluated. Based on the O antigen, bacteria were from serogroup D in theKauffman-white classification. Based on the H antigen, it was phase ۱ positive and phase ۲negative.Conclusion : For precise detection, multiplex PCR was performed with three pairs of primers(Table ۱). At last, we performed an antibiogram test with ۲۱ discs of common antibiotics (Table۲). The results showed resistance to most of the antibiotics.

کلیدواژه ها:

Salmonella Enteritidis ، Zoonosis ، Alexandrine Parakeet ، PCR ، Serology ، Bacteriology