Piruz Shadbash - Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Seyed Reza Mohebbi - Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Seyed Masoud Hosseini - Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Background and Aim : Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cellshas resulted in unprecedented rates of sustained complete response in leukemia and lymphomapatients.Methods : However, despite significant results in patients with hematological malignancies,CART cells display limited effect on solid cancers. New approaches must simultaneouslyovercome many of the challenges faced by CART cells in solid tumours, containing theimmunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the heterogeneity of antigen expression.Results : Oncolytic viruses are lytic and immunogenic anti-cancer agents that have the potentialfor synergism with CAR-T cells to treat of solid tumor.Conclusion : In addition, viruses can be modified to deliver therapeutic transgenes selectively tothe tumor microenvironment, which can enhance the effective functions of tumor-specific T cells.

chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), oncolytic viruses, solid tumors,immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor-specific T cells