Background and Aim : Bacteria accumulating (colonizing the tumors) and proliferating withintumors can initiate anti-tumor immune responses. Using tumor-targeting bacteria as deliveryvectors improve chemotherapeutic drugs' activities while reducing systemic toxicity to the host.Bacterial-based
cancer therapy (BBCT) can be either used as a monotherapy or in combinationwith other anticancer therapies for better clinical outcomes.Methods : We searched the keywords "cancer therapy," "(BBCT)," and "Bacterial anticanceragents "In google scholar, NCBI and Scopus for updated articles.Results : The TME's (Tumor microenvironment) condition can be reversed, and the anti-tumorimmune response can be triggered using bacteria. Bacterial vectors can transport, produce, anddeliver
anticancer agents in medicines, therapeutic DNA, microRNA, shRNA, siRNA, cytotoxicchemicals, and enzymes that turn prodrugs into anticancer drugs. Therefore, Bacterial anticanceragents such as antibiotics, toxins, etc. Many action strategies have been utilized to eliminate cancercells, including apoptosis, necrosis, decreased angiogenesis, suppression of translation andsplicing, and blocking crucial signaling pathways. The tumors or tumor-driven lymph nodes canbe colonized selectively by live tumor-targeting bacteria. It is possible to use bacteria as a cancertreatment. Even if bacteria may not have the full therapeutic potential by themselves, theiralterations as anti-tumor agents, oncogènes, or immunogenic antigens, as well as their conjunctionwith other therapeutic processes, will increase their potential for cancer therapy.Conclusion : To summarize, although still in their infancy, bacteria-based treatments haveimmense potential. We discovered that Bacteria can be genetically modified to have less innatevirulence without changing how well they target tumors. Therefore, BBCT is a good way of cancertherapy by using Bacterial anticancer agents. In addition, we found that various strains ofSalmonella, Bifidobacteria, and Clostridia can colonize the hypoxic region of a tumor and kill thetumor cells. They are therefore prospective strains for targeted therapies that specifically targettumors. The results indicated that these "smart" bacteria may soon establish this strategy as a potentweapon in the fight against cancer.