New findings from diagnostic methods of urinary infections inchildren

Background and Aim : Urinary tract infection is a common cause of referrals to emergency unitsand hospitalization may be needed in some cases particularly in very young patients. Diagnoses ofurinary tract infections in children are challenging because symptoms and signs are often nonspecificespecially in too young children. Although urine culture test is considered the goldstandard for the diagnosis of UTIs, but this test may be affected by false negative and false positiveresults. Sample collection in children is challenging and urine contamination is frequent and canobscure true positive infections, resulting in incorrect treatment. The aim of this study was toexplore about new findings from diagnostic methods of urinary infections in childrenMethods : In this study various databases used to select articles including Google Scholar,PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science. The applied keywords included urinary infections, children andnew diagnostic methodsResults : Recent literature recommended updated diagnostic strategy including ۱)Ultrasound:bladder and renal ultrasound within ۲۴ h is an advised method in infants with febrile urinary tractinfection. ۲) Voiding cystourethrography / urosonography is gold standard test for vesico-ureteralreflux ۳) nanomaterials are strong potential for diagnosis UTIs via controlled delivery ofantimicrobials upon stable, effective and sustained drug release. ۴) causal Bayesian networks anddirected acyclic graphs explicitly outline the contamination and diagnostic processes, underlyingdisease, and make quantitative inference, thus act as a tool for decision support. ۵)Urinaryneutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin show highly accurate to diagnosis UTIs when specimenobtained via catheterization. ۶)Leukocyte Esterase enzyme is a diagnostic tool for screening ofUTIs. ۷)Urinary angiotensinogen is a new biomarker in many renal diseasesConclusion : Children are sensitive patients due to their age and low immune system, and urinarytract infections are multifactorial diseases, so the latest and highest quality laboratory methodsshould be used in order to obtain accurate and correct results to help physicians for best treatmentprotocol

کلیدواژه ها:

urinary tract infections ، children ، new diagnostic methods