Background and Aim :
Burn wound infection (BWI) remains one of the most common causes ofmorbidity and mortality in burn patients. Gram-negative organisms have become significant agentsof infections in vulnerable burn patients due to their multidrug resistance nature which possessescritical therapeutic challenges. This study describes the antibiotic resistance pattern in burnpatients with non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria and investigates the factors related tomortality.Methods : This retrospective study was performed on ۱۵۲ burn patients admitted to the hospitalfrom March ۲۰۱۸ to March ۲۰۲۱ in the North of Iran. All of these patients were infected with nonfermentinggram-negative bacteria. Demographic and clinical data including age, sex, underlyingdiseases, length of hospital stay, outcome, cause of burns, as well as antibiotic culture results, andantibiotic resistance pattern of isolates were collected. The results were analyzed using SPSSsoftware version ۲۴.Results : Based on the results of laboratory tests, all microorganisms isolated from patients werestrains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among ۱۵۲ patients, ۱۲۱ (۷۹.۶%) were male and ۳۱ (۲۰.۴%)were female. The mean age of patients was ۳۹.۵۳ years. The mean hospital stay was ۱۱.۵۷ daysand the mean burn percentage was ۴۲.۷۹. ۱۰ patients (۶.۶%) had intubated and ۱۷ patients (۱۱.۲%)needed a urinary catheter. ۹۶ patients (۶۳.۲%) recovered and ۵۶ patients (۳۶.۸%) died. The highestantibiotic resistance of isolates was observed against gentamicin (۸۲.۹%). Resistance tociprofloxacin, meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, and tobramycin was reported to be ۷۹.۶%,۷۹.۳%, ۷۹.۲%, ۷۳.۲%, and ۶۸%, respectively. Among the risk factors studied, the percentage ofburns, intubation, and urinary catheterization were significantly associated with patient mortality.There was no significant relationship between other variables and patient mortality.Conclusion : This study showed high levels of P. aeruginosa, a type of drug-resistant nonfermentativegram-negative bacteria in burn patients. Regular monitoring, testing, and laboratoryantimicrobial monitoring are essential to guide experimental treatment in burn patients. Thesemethods, in turn, inhibit the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms and reduce the morbidityand mortality of these infections. Also, since TBSA, intubation, and urinary catheter weresignificantly associated with mortality, it is necessary to consider more care and health measuresin these patients.