Aysar AlJebur - department of microbiology and microbial biotechnology, faculty of life sciences and biotechnology, shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Neda Soleimani - department of microbiology and microbial biotechnology, faculty of life sciences and biotechnology, shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Background and Aim : COVID-۱۹ is known as a new viral infection the virus has spread globallyand resulted in a pandemic. As of March ۲۰۲۱, the virus has infected ۱۲۵ million people and hasresulted in ۲.۷ million deaths worldwide. Similar to COVID-۱۹, antimicrobial resistance (AMR)represents a global public health threat that has been termed “the slow pandemic” to emphasize itsmore treacherous. Infections due to resistant pathogens result in ∼۷۰۰,۰۰۰ deaths annually. Thisnumber has been evaluated to increase to ۱۰ million deaths annually by the year ۲۰۵۰. Secondarybacterial infections play crucial roles in mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-۱۹. Thisstudy aims to provide overview of findings on COVID-۱۹ and AMR as well as to providerecommendations toward antimicrobial surveillance.Methods : The databases used to search for the relevant articles for this review include Pub Medand Google Scholar. The following keywords were used in the search: Antimicrobial resistance,antibiotic resistant bacteria and COVID-۱۹.Results : This study has been reported that ۷۲% of COVID-۱۹ patients attending hospitals havereceived antimicrobial agents, despite only ۸% being co-infected by bacteria or fungi. the use ofantimicrobials to treat COVID-۱۹ WAS increase ARO prevalence including extended-spectrum?-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Delhi metallo-?-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), pan-echinocandin-resistant Candida glabrata and multi-triazoleresistantAspergillus fumigatus.Conclusion : There is a necessity to practices of better anti-microbial for curtailment of secondaryinfection rates particularly among COVID-۱۹ patients. In addition, not needed treatment antibiotictherapy or prophylaxis to patients with mild COVID-۱۹ or to patients with suspected or confirmedmoderate COVID-۱۹, the increased public awareness for infectious diseases and infection controlissues, the strengthening of the One Health perspective as outlined by the Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention. These factors may help prevent the appearance of MDROs during thispandemic. where it is reducing community import and transmission of resistant bacteria.

Antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistant bacteria and COVID-۱۹.