Third- millennium Challenges in virtual -learning contexts : A systematic review indeveloping countries

سال انتشار: 1400
محل انتشار: همایش ملی مجازی یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی هزاره
کد COI اختصاصی: VCMMU01_072
زبان مقاله: انگلیسی
تعداد مشاهده: 261

نویسندگان

PhD, Information Sciences and Knowledge Studies, Deputy of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University ofMedical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Forogh Rahimi

PhD, Information Science and Knowledge Studies, Information Management Group, Regional Information Center forScience and Technology, Shiraz, Iran

Nasrin Davari Dolatabadi

PhD, Health Information Management, Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied MedicalSciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Leili Allahbakhshian

PhD, Information Sciences and Knowledge Studies, Deputy of Research and Technology, Esfahan University ofMedical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran.

چکیده

Background: Education is the only industry in the pandemic era in most countries, evendeveloping countries, has been wholly transferred to the online mode. Although virtual learning isthe best way to continue education during an epidemic, developing countries face challenges. Thisstudy aimed to determine the challenges of virtual education in developing countries.Methods: The PRISMA guideline was followed in this review, with seven databases searched:Scopus, ISI, ScienceDirect, Emerald, Pubmed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar. The query "( Virtual -Learning OR E-Learning OR online learning) AND (challenges))" was used to retrieve recordswithin the title, keywords, and abstract fields with no date restrictions since we wanted to find outas many articles on this topic as possible. References of the included articles were backwardtracked,and Google Scholar was searched to identify extra potentially relevant articles. Theliterature search was conducted on January ۹, ۲۰۲۱. Three hundred and twenty-five records wereretrieved from the literature search, with ۵۶ retained after removing duplicates. After a detailedscreening and selection process, ۳۲ articles were selected.Results: The results showed that the most critical virtual learning challenges in developingcountries were in six Item ۱. Technical (Lack of proper telecommunications infrastructure, Lack ofnecessary electronic standards, hardware and software, reduced information security) ۲. Cultural(attitude of second-rate education) ۳. virtual -learning skills (unfamiliarity with the virtual learning environment, low hardware and software literacy) ۴. Socio-psychiatric factor (fear and anxiety infacing the virtual learning environment, Distractions) ۵. Quality of education (difficulty inassessing the quality of learning, Lack of effective student-teacher interaction) ۶. Ethical(information plagiarism, Lack of intellectual property rights, and copyright law) was why most elearnersand e-tutor in developing countries were dissatisfied with virtual learning.Conclusion: According to the results, to overcome these challenges, it is necessary to createinfrastructure and technology standards and use the experiences of developed countries concerningvirtual -learning. In addition, it is necessary to create an appropriate culture and familiarizeprofessors and learners with the development and use of a virtual -learning system whilemaintaining ethics.

کلیدواژه ها

virtual -Learning, Challenges, Developing Countries.

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