Hassan ghavabeshi - Department of Biology(Cellular and Molecular Biology), Jahrom Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity, Jahrom, Iran

Gut mucosal barriers, including chemical and physical barriers,spatially separate the gut microbiota from the host immunesystem to prevent unwanted immune responses that could leadto intestinal inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), there is mucosal barrier dysfunction coupled withimmune dysregulation and dysbiosis. The discovery ofexosomes as regulators of vital functions in both physiologicaland pathological processes has generated much researchinterest. Interestingly, exosomes not only serve as naturalnanocarriers for the delivery of functional RNAs, proteins, andsynthetic drugs or molecules but also show potential for clinicalapplications in tissue repair and regeneration as well as diseasediagnosis and prognosis. Biological or chemical modification ofexosomes can broaden, change and enhance their therapeuticcapability. We review the modulatory effects of exosomalproteins, RNAs, and lipids on IBD components such as immunecells, the gut microbiota, and the intestinal mucosal barrier.Mechanisms involved in regulating these factors towardsattenuating IBD have been explored in several studiesemploying exosomes derived from different sources. We discussthe potential utility of exosomes as diagnostic markers and drugdelivery systems, as well as the application of modifiedexosomes in IBD.

Exosome, inflammatory bowel disease, immune system cells, gutmicrobiota, intestinal mucosal barrier