Epigenetic changes and breast cancer

Cancer is one of the five causes of annual mortality in the world. Cancer isusually a defect in mechanisms that control cell growth and proliferation.Complex genetic control systems balance birth and death throughout thenormal genesis in response to growth messages and death messages. Thelack of cells results from genetic damage that is the cause of most or alltypes of cancer. We reviewed all relevant articles by searching the PubMedelectronic databases and Google Scholar sites.Incorrect expression of genes involved in epigenetics, such as APOBEC۳B,DNMT-۱, and TET-۱, can progress breast cancer. The CHEK۲ gene, as asuppressor of the tumor, plays an essential role in the repair of damagedDNA in breast cancer. Overexpression of the HER-۲ gene level is associatedwith invasive breast cancer. The EGFR/PI۳K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC۱/GSK-۳pathway plays prominent roles in malignant transformation, prevention ofapoptosis, drug resistance, and metastasis.The expression of this pathway is frequently altered in breast cancer due tomutations at or aberrant expression of HER۲, ERalpha, BRCA۱, BRCA۲,EGFR۱, PIK۳CA, PTEN, TP۵۳, RB, as well as other oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes. In some breast cancer cases, mutations at specificcomponents of this pathway (e.g., PIK۳CA) are associated with a betterprognosis than those lacking these mutations. Disorder of epigeneticmechanisms can contribute to the development of tumors with the help ofoncogenic mutations. Understanding the relationship between epigeneticsderegulation and cancer in predicting prognosis is similar to that of appliedtherapies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Breast cancer ، Epigenetics ، mutation ، CHEK۲ gene ، HER-۲ gene