The effects of regular physical activity on the immune system: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The body's immune system is a fully coordinated network of cells and chemical components designed to identify and destroy pathogens and invaders. The human immune system is influenced by various factors such as proper nutrition, adequate sleep, stress level, vitamins and regular physical activity. One of the factors that can have a direct effect on other factors is exercise or regular physical activity. Purpose of Review: The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and bone tissue decreases functionality and increases the risk for falls and injuries. One contributing factor ofmuscle and bone loss over time is chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training is an effective countermeasure for decreasing the loss of muscle and bone tissue, possibly by enhancing immune system response. Herein, we discuss key interactions between the immune system, muscle, and bone in relation to exercise perturbations, and we identify that there is substantial “cross-talk” between muscle and bone and the immune system in response to exercise. Recent Findings: Recent advances in our understanding of the “cross-talk” between muscle and bone and the immune system indicate that exercise is likely to mediatemany of the beneficial effects onmuscle and bone via their interactions with the immune system. Summary: The age-related loss of muscle and bone tissue may be partially explained by an impaired immune system via chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training has a beneficial effect on immune system function and aging muscle and bone. Theoretically, the “cross-talk” between the immune system, muscle, and bone in response to exercise enhances aging musculoskeletal health

کلیدواژه ها:

Osteoporosis ، Sarcopenia ، Immune ، Inflammation ، Cytokine ، Myokine.