Macronutrients Intake and Stomach Cancer Risk in Iran: A Hospital-based Case-Control Study

Background: Stomach cancer (SC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Dietary riskfactors of SC are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association betweenmacronutrient intakes and the risk of SC.Study design: A hospital-based case-control study.Methods: The data were obtained from a hospital-based case-control study conducted at theCancer Institute of Iran from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۱۲. Patients were ۴۰ years or older and were diagnosedwith SC in less than one year with no history of any cancers. On the other hand, the controls werehealthy subjects who were caregivers or visitors of the patients. Demographic characteristics werecollected using a structured questionnaire through face to face interviews by trained interviewers.Dietary data were obtained using a validated Diet History Questionnaire. The age and genderadjustedodds ratios (ORs), as well as the adjusted ORs of age, gender, energy, education,smoking, and body mass index, were reported for continuous and tertiles of intakes.Results: Totally, ۲۰۷ SC patients and ۲۱۷ controls participated in this study. In the full adjustedmodel, after comparing the highest tertiles to the lowest ones, the intake of sucrose (OR: ۲.۹۴; ۹۵%CI: ۱.۶۶-۵.۱۹; P-trend<۰.۰۰۱), protein (OR: ۲.۰۴; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۱۷-۳.۵۵; P-trend=۰.۰۱۱), cholesterol(OR: ۲.۲۲; ۹۵% CI: ۱.۲۸-۳.۸۵; P-trend=۰.۰۰۵), and percent of calories from protein (OR: ۳.۰۹; ۹۵%CI: ۱.۶۹-۵.۶۱; P-trend<۱.۰۰۱) showed a positive significant association with SC. Moreover, asignificantly negative association was found between the percent of calories obtained fromcarbohydrates and SC (OR: ۰. ۵۷; ۹۵% CI: ۰.۳۳-۰.۹۸; P-trend=۰.۰۱۵).Conclusion: The findings in this study showed that macronutrient intakes might be associated withthe etiology of SC in Iran.