Sima Kiani - Assistant Professor, Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Saeedeh Khalesi - Associate Professor, Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Jaber Yaghini - Associate Professor, Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Fatemeh Azad - Dentist, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Background: Gingival biotype can be influenced by genetic factors, tooth-related factors and biological issues. This study aimed to determine the biotype of facial gingival and related factors.Methods: In this study, ۳۰۰ patients (۱۲۸ males and ۱۷۲ females) with a mean age of ۳۶.۲ ± ۱۳.۲۷ were selected by simple random sampling. Patients’ characteristics including age, gender, smoking, dental and keratinized gingival anatomy and oral hygiene parameters were recorded and their associations with gingival biotype were investigated using Transparency method. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS۲۴ using t test, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The P<۰.۰۵ was considered significant.Results: Frequency of thin gingival biotype was higher than that of thick gingival biotype. There was a significant relationship between gingival biotype of upper central incisors areas and age (P < ۰.۰۰۱), vibratory brushing (P = ۰.۰۱۹) and keratinized gingival width (P = ۰.۰۲۱). There was also a significant relationship between the gingival biotype of lower central incisor area and gender (P = ۰.۰۳۶), vibratory brushing (P = ۰.۰۱۰), vertical brushing (P = ۰.۰۰۹) and keratinized gingival width (P = ۰.۰۱۱). Moreover, a significant direct relationship was discovered between Gingival biotype of upper and lower central incisors areas. No relationship was found between frequency and duration of brushing, dental flossing, plaque index, tooth shape, and smoking with gingival biotype (P > ۰.۰۰۵).Conclusions: Gingival biotype was associated with age, gender and keratinized gingival width, as well as some brushing characteristics such as the brushing method.

Gingival biotype, Keratinized tissue, Oral hygiene