Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Beta Vulgaris

Bismuth oxide nanoparticle Bi۲O۳NPs has a wide range of applications and less adverse effects than conventional radio sensitizers. In this work, Bi۲O۳NPs (D۱, D۲) were successfully synthesized by using the biosynthesis method with varying bismuth salts, bismuth sulfate Bi۲(SO۴)۳ (D۱) or bismuth nitrate. Penta hydrate Bi(NO۳)۳.۵H۲O (D۲) with NaOH with beta-vulgaris extract. The Bi۲O۳NPs properties were characterized by different spectroscopic methods to determine Bi۲O۳NPs structure, nature of bonds, size of nanoparticle, element phase, presence, crystallinity and morphology. The existence of the Bi۲O۳ band was verified by the FT-IR. The Bi۲O۳ NPs revealed an absorption peak in the UV-visible spectrum, with energy gap Eg = ۳.۸۰eV. The X-ray pattern (D۱) matching that of card of COD File-No-۹۶-۱۵۲-۶۴۵۹ indicating the presence of homogeneous Bi۲O۳NPs, Scaning Electron Microscopy (SEM) displayed shaped monoclinic phase with average diameter ۳۰.۲۸ nm. The size, structure and composition of synthetic Bi۲O۳ Nps were determined using the (EDX) pattern. The XRD pattern (D۲) corresponds to JCPDS File No. ۲۷-۵۰. The SEM of D۲ showed crystalline rhomobohedrral phase with average diameter ۳۴.۸۹ nm. The EDX for both (D۱, D۲) samples reveals an aggregation of thin sheet cluster. The antibacterial activity of Bi۲O۳NPs from (D۱, D۲) was tested against (G-) Escherichia coli and (G+) staphylococcus aureus. All of these clinical pathogens were examined for antifungal activity against Candida albicans fungus, and the results were compared with the standard medication. The adsorption experiment was successfully conducted on the following metal ions (M+۲ = Co, Ni and Cu), where the results proved removal simultaneously from water using Bi۲O۳NPs (D۱, D۲) based on the affinity of three metal ions and Bi۲O۳ NPs surface shape. The removal efficiencies of mixed (M+۲ = Co, Ni and Cu) ions for D۱ were ۸۹.۶۸%, ۸۵.۵۶% and ۹۴.۵%. The removal efficiencies for D۲ were ۹۳.۳%, ۸۷.۷% and ۸۸.۵۴%, respectively.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bi۲O۳ NPs ، Green synthesis ، Beta vulgaris ، Antimicrobial ، applications