Fateme Guitynavard - Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohaddeseh Azadvari - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sina and Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Maryam Gholamnejad - Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mehdi Naghdipoor Farhadabad - Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Leila Zareian Baghdadabad - Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Alireza Gorji Daroonkolaee - Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Rouhollah Afsari - Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Elham Madreseh - Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ramin Rahimnia - Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Introduction: Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a less-invasive procedure for treating a subgroup of renal stones. Since it may cause significant pain and anxiety during the procedure, several strategies have been proposed to reduce the discomfort during the SWL procedure. This study aimed to evaluate transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a non-invasive analgesic strategy during SWL.Methods: A total of seventy-nine patients who underwent the SWL were included. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the case group using conventional TENS (۴۱ patients) and the control group without TENS. The visual analog scale (VAS) was recorded at the end of the SWL session. The analgesic (۳۰mg ketorolac) was given in both groups due to the patient's request. Results: Both study groups were similar in age, sex, BMI, history of SWL, hypertension, stone location, and stone size. Our data indicated less VAS in the case group than in the control group throughout the procedure, although it was not statistically significant (P-value=۰.۰۸۷).Conclusion: TENS can be offered as a non-invasive and safe pain relief strategy during the SWL.

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, urolithiasis, Pain