Comparison of visual perception, processing speed, sustained attention in Circadian cycles in normal girl and boy students and student with and without special learning disorder

Research Method:This research in terms of the goal is practical and in terms of the procedure is nonexperimentaland post-event .Statiscal community is consisted of all students aged ۸-۱۲ in the elementary gradestwo time schools located in the districts ۱۳,۱۴,۱۵ of Tehran in the academic years of ۱۳۹۷-۹۸ and۱۳۹۸-۹۹.smaple size includes ۲۳۲ person which were selected through available sampling and in the next stage throughmulti-stage random selection which includes ۱۱۵ students with learning disorder (۵۵ girls and ۶۰ boys) and ۱۱۷normal students (۶۰ girls and ۵۷ normal boys).Sample size according to the type of dependent and independentvariables (visual perception, processing speed and sustained attention; continuous quantification and Circadiancycles cycles; multi-valued class) and causal-comparative research method, at least ۱۵ people are recommendedfor each group.With the probability of losing the number of samples in each subgroup;Approximately ۶۰students were considered as girls and boys with and without learning disabilities..Then, each group of normalstudents and students with learning disorder, boys and girls, is divided into four groups of ۶۰ people, and eachgroup is participated in four rounds of visual skills perception test, integrated auditory-visual function test,intelligence processing speed subtests and Wexler (symbolization and encryption) test respectively. The resultsof this study, which was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance test to determine a significantdifference between several completely independent samples in SPSS ۲۲ software.Results:Visual perception in the group of students with and without learning disabilities and at different hours ofthe day (p <۰.۰۱) has a significant difference. Visual perception in the group of normal students is higher thanstudents with learning disabilities and the amount of memory components of visual sequence, spatial perceptionof vision and perception of stability of visual form in the afternoon is more than in the morning. In addition, theprocessing speed of girls in the symbolization component is significantly higher at the level (p <۰.۰۱) than boys.The highest average processing speed was observed in all groups in the hours of ۱۳.۴۵-۱۴.۱۵. Alsosustainedattention is significantly higher than students with learning disabilities and the highest average of stable visualand auditory attention was observed in ۱۴.۱۵ to ۱۳.۴۵. Female students were identified with a higher average ofstable attention than male students, although this difference Level (p <۰.۰۱) was not significant.Discussion:In general, the findings of this study show that in students' curriculum, attention to factors suchas;Gender, daylight hours, minimum and maximum hours of cognitive indicators are important and should bebased on natural fluctuations in the efficiency of their mental abilities. Also other factors such as morning andevening, sleep and wake cycle and nutritional factors of students and etc should be considred.

کلیدواژه ها:

visual perception ، processing speed ، sustained attention ، lerning disability ، children ، gender