Laden Hafezi - Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Islamic Azad University, Tehran Dental Branch.
Sogol Ahmadpour - Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Islamic Azad University, Tehran Dental Branch
Ali Hasani - Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Islamic Azad University, Tehran Dental Branch
Ahmad Reza Talaeipour - Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Islamic Azad University, Tehran Dental Branch
Sara Vaezi - Resident of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Islamic Azad University, Tehran Dental Branch
Mahdiyeh Yavaripoor - Resident of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Islamic Azad University, Tehran Dental Branch

Introduction and objective: Understanding the anatomy and condition of the maxillary blood vessels helps the surgeon to prevent posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) bleeding. CBCT examination gives the surgeon a wider view because of its important role in the surgical prognosis. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the location and anatomy of the PSAA and maxillary sinus by CBCT in Islamic Azad University and private clinics in Tehran in ۲۰۱۷. Methods: The study was performed on ۲۹۹ CBCTs and the images were examined for the prevalence of arterial observation. In this study, the diameter and distance from the floor and medial wall as well as the degree of symmetry and their relationship with age, gender and position of the tooth were investigated. SPSS software, t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: PSAA was observed in ۷۶.۲% of subjects. In examining the dental status of individuals and observing PSAA, the artery was observed more in people with teeth in the posterior maxillary. There was symmetry in ۹۹ patients, of which ۳۹.۴% were seen in molar teeth, ۲۰.۲% in premolars and ۲۷.۳% in both molars and premolar teeth. There was no significant relationship between arterial symmetry and age and dental status, but the degree of symmetry was measured in men ۱.۹ times that of women. The highest frequency in terms of PSAA position was related to placement within the bone (۵۳.۵%). The results of the present study showed that symmetry had a significant relationship with gender and also there was a significant relationship between the prevalence of arteries with dental status and the distance of arteries with dental type. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, more care should be taken during surgery in the area of the molar teeth due to the shorter distance from the sinus floor.  

Cone beam computed tomography, Dental implants, Maxillary sinus, Posterior superior alveolar artery.