AN OVERVIEW ON COMMON STRATEGIES FOR BRINE SOLUTION DISPOSAL FROM DESALINATION PLANTS

Desalination activities around the world are growing as a result of water inadequacy. On the other hand, water desalination has adverse environmental impacts on marine environments Panagopoulos et al. (۲۰۱۹). Nevertheless, one of the restrictions associated with the desalination plant process is the production of concentrated solution, known as a brine that is defined as the waste by-product of desalination plants Katal et al. (۲۰۲۰), Xevgenos et al. (۲۰۱۵) and can lead to severe environmental challenges due to its high level of salinity. Furthermore, the presence of chemicals used for membrane cleaning and pretreatment and metals are of crucial concern Cambridge et al. (۲۰۱۷), Katal et al. (۲۰۲۰), Missimer and Maliva (۲۰۱۸). Accordingly, plenty of research studies has conducted environmental impact assessment studies of brine disposal on marine environments Frank et al. (۲۰۱۷), Heck et al. (۲۰۱۶), Jones et al. (۲۰۱۹). Consequently, this paper provides some critical reviews on disposal options to manage concentrated solutions from desalination plants. Ultimately, the brine should be seen as a resource and not a waste to achieve sustainability in its management approaches Mustafa et al. (۲۰۲۰), Panagopoulos et al. (۲۰۱۹), Xevgenos et al. (۲۰۱۵). The outlook and insight presented in this overview will provide to achieving sustainable brine management Xu et al. (۲۰۱۳).