Roya Naseh - Associate Professor of Orthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
Nima Rahnamoon - Assistant Professor, Orthodontic Department, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran
Maryam Afshari - Associate Professor of Orthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran

Background Assure Universal Bonding Resin is capable of providing a strong bond between orthodontic attachments and amalgam surfaces. Objectives This study sought to assess the shear bond strength of orthodontic attachments to amalgam surfaces using Assure Universal Bonding Resin after different surface treatments. Methods This in-vitro experimental study was conducted on ۱۲۰ amalgam samples in eight groups of surface roughening with diamond bur, sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles, Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation and polishing-only. Molar buccal tubes were bonded to amalgam surfaces using Assure primer and Transbond Plus light-cure composite. Half the samples were immediately subjected to shear bond strength testing while the remaining half were incubated at ۳۷°C for one week, thermocycled (۱۰۰۰ cycles) and were then subjected to shear bond strength test. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the bond strength of the groups and Tukey’s test was used for pairwise comparisons. The adhesive remnant index (ARI; ۴ point-scale) was also determined in the groups and the results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Significant differences were noted in shear bond strength of attachments following the application of Assure among different surface treatment modalities (P < ۰.۰۰۱); the highest bond strength was noted in sandblasted group followed by laser, bur and polishing, respectively. Aging had no significant effect on bond strength. Conclusions Sandblasting and irradiation of Er, Cr: YSGG laser provided sufficiently high bond strength between amalgam and attachments following the application of Assure. Diamond bur and polishing did not provide adequately high bond strength.

Assure Universal Bonding Resin, Shear Bond Strength, Er, Cr YSGG Laser, Sandblasting, Amalgam