The effects of tramadol on norepinephrine and MHPG releasing in locus coeruleus in formalin test in rats: a brain stereotaxic study
- سال انتشار: 1393
- محل انتشار: مجله علوم پایه پزشکی ایران، دوره: 17، شماره: 6
- کد COI اختصاصی: JR_IJBMS-17-6_005
- زبان مقاله: انگلیسی
- تعداد مشاهده: 173
نویسندگان
۱ Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute Pasture of Iran, Tehran, Iran
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده
Objective(s):The relationship between tramadol, as an antinociceptive drug, and locus coeruleus (LC), the main noradrenergic nucleus of the brain that affects regulation and modulation of pain through descending noradrenergic pathways was investigated. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of ۱۰ rats. The rats were fixed in stereotaxic instrument and then a probe was inserted into LC. Pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of ۵۰ μl of ۲.۵% formalin ۴۰ minutes after initiation of microdialysisin right hind paw, and nociceptivepain scores were calculated every ۵ minutes. Subsequently noradrenaline (NA) and its metabolite, ۳-methoxy-۴-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), were collected and measured by microdialysis of locus coeruleus in freely moving rats every ۱۵ minutes during formalin injection. Results: Nociceptive pain scores observed in formalin test had the highest nociceptive sensation ۵ minutes after injection. Significant rises in concentrations of NA and MHPG, in samples taken between ۳۰ and ۴۵ min after initiation of the locus coeruleusmicrodialysis, coincided with the peak of the pain after injection of formalin. Conclusion: According toconcurrency of the highest nociceptive sensation and peak of NE and MHPG concentrations, tramadol can indirectly affect the LC by blocking the pain signals from different parts of the brain such as periaqueductal gray mater, central nucleus of amygdale or the spinal cord.کلیدواژه ها
Antinociceptive, Locus coeruleus, Microdialysis, Stereotaxic instrument, Tramadolاطلاعات بیشتر در مورد COI
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