Hamidreza Shapouri - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box ۱۴۱۱۵-۱۴۳,Tehran, Iran.
Arash Vakili - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box ۱۴۱۱۵-۱۴۳,Tehran, Iran.
Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box ۱۴۱۱۵-۱۴۳,Tehran, Iran.

Succinic acid, or butanedioic acid, is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and an end-product from anaerobic fermentation (Jansen et al. ۲۰۱۴). This derivative acts as an important precursor and can be used in a wide range of industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, food additives, biodegradable polymers, cosmetic products, cement additives, pigment, toner and green solvents (Jung Ho Ahn et al. ۲۰۱۶, Glassner and Datta,۱۹۹۲). Because of these listed advantages, this important building block is becoming a forerunner in bio-refinery platform chemicals (Jose Manoel et al. ۲۰۰۹), and its market is estimated to be over ۱.۸ billion US dollars for this bio-based product in ۲۰۲۵ (www.ceo.ca). Earlier succinic acid was manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of maleic acid but today it has been determined that it can be produced by many microorganisms (Fumagalli,۱۹۹۷).The development of systems metabolic engineering helps the biotechnologists to easily enhance the production of succinic acid (Guettler and Jain ۱۹۹۶).

Systems biology, Succinic Acid, Medium Optimization, Bio-based Chemical, Metabolic Engineering