The role of microRNA in the control and treatment of Covid-۱۹

Background and Aim : Coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹) is the seventh member of the bat severe acute respiratory syndrome family. COVID-۱۹ can fuse their envelopes with the host cell membranes and deliver their genetic material. COVID-۱۹ attacks the respiratory system and stimulates the host inflammatory responses, enhances the recruitment of immune cells, and promotes angiotensin-converting enzyme ۲ activities. Nowadays, the SARS Coronavirus ۲ (SARS-CoV-۲) infection is recognized as the primary cause of mortality in humans. SARS-CoV-۲ is transmitted through human-to-human contact and is asymptomatic in most patients. In addition to approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-۲ infection, miRNAs may also be promising options against this new virus.MicroRNAs (miRs) as small non-coding RNAs (۲۱–۲۵ nt) regulate gene expression. Methods : Indeed developing nanoformulations of the COVID-۱۹-related miRNAs can successfully transfer the miRNAs to the cells. Also, miRNAs-based therapeutics could be used in the nanovaccines that are specific with minimal off-target effects. Furthermore, nanobased miRNAs vaccines can be used as nasal spray or drops. In the case of COVID-۱۹ disease, nanovaccine in the form of nasal spray seems to be more effective due to the activation of the immune response in the respiratory tract as the common initial site for SARS-CoV-۲ virus entry.Results : Over expression/inhibition of miRs might result in cell cycle irregularity, impaired immune response, or cancer. In this manner, the exact role of each miR should be specified. Mimic encodedmiRs like antagomirs showed the successful result in phases of clinical trial prevent from negative effects of viral encoded-miRs. Conclusion : Products of mimic miRs are inexpensive correspond to the synthesis of primer; they are short and nanoscale in size. Although the SARS-CoV-۲ genome is undergoing evaluation, detection of exact molecular pathogenesis open up opportunities for vaccine development. Salivaomics can evaluate the SARS-CoV-۲ genome, transcriptome, proteome, and biomarkers like miRs in oral related and cancer disease. In this review, we studied the challenge and opportunities of miRs in the therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-۲ infection, then overviewed the role of miRs in saliva droplets during SARS-CoV-۲ infection and related cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

microRNA ، Covid-۱۹ ، treatment ، SARS-CoV-۲