Harshal Dabhane - Department of Chemistry, G.M.D Arts, B.W Commerce and Science College, Sinnar, ۴۲۲ ۱۰۳, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India
Suresh Ghotekar - Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce and Science, Silvassa ۳۹۶ ۲۳۰, University of Mumbai, Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India
Pawanwan Tambade - Department of Chemistry, G.M.D Arts, B.W Commerce and Science College, Sinnar, ۴۲۲ ۱۰۳, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India
Shreyas Pansambal - Department of Chemistry, Shri Saibaba College Shirdi ۴۲۳ ۱۰۹, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India
H C Ananda Murthy - Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box: ۱۸۸۸, Adama, Ethiopia
Rajeshwari Oza - Department of Chemistry, S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College, Sangamner ۴۲۲ ۶۰۵, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India
Vijay Medhane - Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Nashik, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India

Nowadays, green syntheses have received crucial attention as a reliable, developing and eco-benevolent protocol for synthesizing a broad range of nanomaterials (NMs) including metal/metal oxides NMs, bio-inspired materials and hybrid/composite NMs. As such, biogenic synthesis is regarded as a significant tool to mitigate the destructive impacts associated with the conventional approaches of synthesis for NMs generally utilized in industry and laboratory. In this review, we summed up the general protocols and mechanisms of green synthesis routes, especially for silver (Ag), silver oxide (Ag۲O), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), copper ferrite (CuFe۲O۴), palladium (Pd), aceprophyline, cellulose and graphene nanomaterials/nanoparticles using cow urine. Importantly, we explored the main role of biological constituents which is existed in cow urine. These essential biomolecules act as reducing/stabilizing agents in solvent systems. The stability, phase formation and surface morphology of NMs using characterization techniques are also discussed. Finally, we covered the eclectic applications of such synthesized NMs in terms of anti-asthma, antimicrobial, antituberculosis, antioxidant, anticancer activity, catalytic activity and removal of pollutants dyes.

Cow urine, Nanotechnology, Green synthesis, Applications