Vahid Shaygannejad - Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Mahdi Barzegar - Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Navid Manouchehri - Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Nafiseh Esmaeil - Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Nasim Nehzat - Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Shervin Badihian - Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Fereshteh Ashtari - Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Omid Mirmosayyeb - Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: The absence of Aquaporin-۴ Antibody (AQP۴-Ab) in a fraction of the Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) patients has led to a search for other serologic markers. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein component of the myelin sheets encapsulating the neural fibers. Objectives: We aimed to compare the presence and levels of anti-MOG (Ig-G) in a group of seronegative NMOSD patients with a healthy control group. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ۳۰ NMOSD patients with negative AQP-Ab status, who were referred to the Neurology Clinic of Kashani University Hospital in Isfahan City, Iran, from March ۲۰۱۵ to March ۲۰۱۶, and ۲۶ healthy controls were consecutively recruited. Their baseline demographic and clinical data were recorded. Serum anti-MOG levels were measured in both groups. The obtained data were analyzed using the Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Chisquare test in SPSS V. ۱۸. Results: The anti-MOG test results were statistically higher in patients (n=۱۲, ۳۷.۵%) compared to controls (n=۰, ۰%) (P<۰.۰۰۰۱). The level of anti-MOG in Healthy Control (HC) was higher compared to patients with negative anti-MOG (P<۰.۰۰۰۱) and was lower than patients with positive anti-MOG (P<۰.۰۰۰۱). Conclusion: Our study showed that nearly one-third of seronegative NMOSD patients were positive for MOG-Ab. Further studies are needed to assess the characteristics and outcome of these patients.

Neuromyelitis optica, Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, Aquaporin ۴