Nilofar Shab Zendedar Ghadim - M.Sc. Major: Microbial Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Iran

People often have a bad idea about germs. This is because few germs cause discomfort to humans. But most germs are relatively harmless, and as a result, their beneficial effects outweigh their harms. Germs deserve more attention and knowledge. While microbes can live successfully without humans, the opposite is not true.The weight of all the microbes in the biosphere is estimated to be 25 times the weight of all the animals in it. In fact, microbes make up 90% of all living organisms, and most of the chemical changes that take place in living organisms are caused by these organisms. As a result, they play a key role in balancing nature.They reproduce rapidly under favorable conditions. A bacterium divides into two bacteria within minutes. Even stunted bacteria multiply in a matter of hours. Theoretically, a bacterium called Escherichia coli in favorable conditions within 3 days will form a mass of bacteria that will be larger than the volume of the Earth! Even with the limitations that exist in the practical conditions of bacterial growth, the named bacterium can produce 10 new bacteria within 24 hours.The ability of different microbes to tolerate or use different environmental conditions is remarkable. The microbes are so diverse that no organic compound is naturally safe from them.As a result, germs are found almost everywhere. In remote environments such as the Dead Sea, barren lands and polar oceans, in mountains, sulfur hot springs, ocean floor and upper atmosphere, in severely acidic and alkaline conditions, in concentrated solutions of salts, sugars and related solutions. Found in heavy metals. More common environments are microbes, soil, air, plants, food and animal bodies.

Microbial Infections of Milk Fermentation