M.A nahvinia - MSC in earthquake eng college of eng university of tehran
m.s marefat - professor
m khanmohammadi - assistant professor

Using tie columns and bond beams as confining elements has shown as a proper way for improvement of unreinforced masonry behavior . In iran according to 2800 standard masonry buildings must be constructed with confining elements unfortunately there are little models for prdicting strength or deformation capacity of CMW elements. in this article previous models for predicting strength and deformation capacity of CMWs will be reviewed

confined masonry , cracking strength , maximum strength , ultimate deformation