زهرا خدایی قشلاق - دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ و تمدن ملل اسلامی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی
ولی اله برزگر کلیشمی - استادیار گروه تاریخ و تمدن ملل اسلامی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)

Before the 19th century, the common definition of science under the influence of verses and traditions, the predecessors heritage and the command of transit-oriented approach based on Quran and traditions in educational institutions in all over  the  Islamic world had religious nature and it was limited. According to the researches done, the confrontation with the west world, observation of the technological power of modern sciences and comparing the progress of European countries with chronic backwardness of Islamic countries caused many mental challenges among Muslim thinkers in various areas. One of the common approaches of Muslim thinkers in confrontation with the modern mental challenges had been the redefinition of some fundamental and traditional concepts in different areas and adapting them to the new needs and requirements. From the last decade of 18th century Egypt was one of the confrontational centers with the west world and modernity and has experienced extensive development in various areas. In the present case study the perception of Egyptian thinkers after their familiarity with  modernity, has been investigated and through the comparison of it with their perception of science during the pre-modernity, the differences and the causes of  redefinition of science  and its necessity will be explained.

تاریخ علم, مفهوم علم, بازتعریف علم, نوگرایی در مصر, نظام آموزشی مصر