Interaction between apolipoprotein B insertion/deletion polymorphisms and macronutrient intake with obesity risk, blood lipids, serum leptin and ghrelin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the association between the dietary intake of macronutrients with ApoB Insertion/Deletion variants on obesity risk, lipid profile, serum leptin and ghrelin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM).Methods: In this study, 700 T2DM patients were recruited. Anthropometric, biochemical and molecular data were collected, and Diet was assessed using FFQ. The interactions were tested using ANCOVA.Results: The carriers of the Del allele were associated with lower BMI and WC among individuals with high ω−3 intake (> 0.6% of energy), but not in those with low ω−3 intake (<0.6%). Also, when dietary ω−3 was <0.6%, general obesity risk in carriers of the Del allele was about 1.6 times higher than that of Ins/Ins homozygotes. But with high ω−3 intake (>0.6%), the risk was 0.5 times lower. Del-allele carriers with high MUFA and carbohydrate (≥ 12 and ≥ 54% of energy, respectively) had significantly higher TG and LDL-C compared to Ins/Ins, and these were not significant in subjects with low-MUFA and carbohydrate (< 12 and < 54%, respectively). Besides, Del-allele carriers with protein, SFA, MUFA and ω−3 of ≥ 14, 9, 12 and 0.6%, respectively, had a significant increase in their serum leptin than Ins/Ins homozygotes (P < 0.05). However, these associations were not significant between the two genetic groups in subjects with low intakes of protein, SFA, MUFA and ω−3. Moreover, Del-allele carriers with low carbohydrate (< 54%) had significantly higher leptin and ghrelin than Ins/Ins homozygotes (P < 0.05), however, in high-carbohydrate group, leptin and ghrelin were not significantly lower. Conclusions: Apo B Ins/Del SNPs showed potential interaction with MUFA, SFA, ω−3. carbohydrate and protein to modulate serum levels of TG, LDL-C, leptin, ghrelin and obesity risk in T2DM patients.